Dead vs. Dormant Branches: How to Tell the Difference in Holland, West Michigan

If you’re a homeowner in Holland or anywhere in West Michigan, you’ve probably looked at your trees in the winter and wondered: Are these branches dead—or just dormant?

It’s a common question, especially with our long winters, heavy snow, and unpredictable weather. Knowing the difference can help you avoid unnecessary pruning—and prevent dangerous branches from falling when you least expect it.

What Does Dormant Mean?

Dormancy is a natural process that trees go through during colder months. In West Michigan, most trees enter dormancy in late fall and stay that way until early spring.

During dormancy:

• Trees stop actively growing
• Leaves fall off (for deciduous trees)
• Energy is stored in the root system

Think of dormancy as your tree “sleeping” through the winter—not dying.

What Is a Dead Branch?

A dead branch is no longer alive and won’t recover when spring arrives.

Dead branches:

• Won’t produce leaves or buds
• Become dry and brittle
• Can break and fall without warning

With Holland’s lake-effect snow, ice buildup, and strong winds, dead branches can quickly become a safety hazard.

How to Tell the Difference

1. The Snap Test

Gently bend a small twig.

• Dormant branches will bend and feel flexible
• Dead branches will snap easily

2. The Scratch Test

Lightly scratch the surface of the bark with your fingernail.

• Green underneath = alive (dormant)
• Brown and dry = dead

3. Look for Buds

Even in winter, healthy branches show early signs of growth.

• Dormant branches have small buds
• Dead branches have none

4. Check the Bark

Take a close look at the branch surface.

• Dormant: smooth, intact bark
• Dead: peeling, cracking, or missing bark

5. Compare the Whole Tree

Look at the bigger picture.

• If most branches look healthy and a few don’t → those may be dead
• If the entire tree looks bare in winter → it’s likely dormant

Why This Matters in West Michigan

In Holland and surrounding areas like Zeeland and Grand Haven, winter weather can be tough on trees.

Dead branches can:

• Break under heavy snow and ice
• Damage roofs, cars, or nearby structures
• Lead to further tree health issues

Proper identification helps keep both your property and your trees safe.

When Should You Remove Dead Branches?

Dead branches should be removed:

• In late winter or early spring
• Immediately if they pose a safety risk

Dormant branches, on the other hand, should usually be left alone unless pruning is needed for structure or health.

When to Call a Professional

You should contact a professional tree service if:

• Branches are large or hard to reach
• The tree is near power lines
• You’re unsure what’s dead vs. dormant
• There’s visible storm damage

Conclusion

Knowing the difference between dead and dormant branches is key to maintaining healthy trees and preventing property damage.

Quick recap:

• Flexible and green inside = Dormant
• Brittle and brown inside = Dead

If you’re unsure, it’s always better to have an expert take a look before making any cuts.